Grow Sunflowers


 

I believe in beauty.

As their name implies, sunflowers love full sunshine and warm temperatures!  Did you know that the sunflower is a North American native and was a key food crop for Native Americans?

Today, sunflowers are still grown for food!  Not only do the birds love them, their seeds make a wholesome snack and are also pressed into sunflower cooking oil.

For a head start, the late spring is a good time to sow sunflower seeds indoors. You can also sow them into the garden once all danger of frost is passed.

These Sun-loving flowers are named Helianthus annus: (helios means sun in Greek and annus designates it as an annual.  Over the past few years, sunflowers have come into their own as cutting flowers and give beauty to any vase or floral arrangement.   There are lots of new cultivars in many shapes – from standard ray flowers to pompoms or fuzzy disks.

Size of Sunflowers

Sizes range from dwarf to giant and the colors go well beyond the standard sunny yellow into white, lemon, bicolors, and even soft burgundy.

Unique cultivars to grow

If you’re interested in growing sunflowers, there are lots of new cultivars to try, many of them pollenless, so go ahead and bring them into the house!  

Here are some of my favorites:

Ring of Fire: An AAS (All-America-Selections) winner with striking 5-inch wide pollenless flowers; bi-coloured petals in dark red around a chocolate brown center taper off to golden yellow tips. Grows 4 to 5 feet tall; late-blooming.

Claret: An excellent cutting sunflower that keeps its intense velvet burgundy color in the summer sun. Main stem grows 6 feet tall; produces side-shoots with lots of blooms.

Eversun: A deep yellow, early-blooming pollenless type with big 10- to 12-inch ray flowers around a dark brown disk; flowers produced on one main stem.

Teddy Bear: I’m generally not a fan of overbred flowers, but I’ve fallen in love with the sheer fluffiness of this one.  This sunflower bloom has soft, fluffy, pompom heads that make handsome cut flowers; 2 to 3 feet tall with lots of flowers per plant. A perfect plant for a children’s garden (and anyone who is young at heart), as well as containers. You will find the seeds here: Organic Teddy Bear Sunflower.

Giant Sungold: At 5 feet in height with lots of flower-bearing branches, this is a taller version of ‘Teddy Bear’.

Organic Mammoth: If you’re looking for a classic big, tall sunflower, Organic Mammoth Sunflower can reach 12′ in height. Thick stalks on this single-stem variety supports huge heads.

Houseplants – Flowering: Begonia and Bromeliad


 

Common Names:  Begonia

Description:  This is an extremely large and diverse group of plants.  Some Begonias are enjoyed for their beautiful foliage, while others are loved for their vibrant flowers.

Temperature:  65 degrees.

Light:  Bright light.

Water:  Allow the top of the soil to dry out between waterings.  Empty saucers immediately.

Humidity:  High level.

Pinching and Pruning:  Pinch back new plants to prefvent leggy growth.

Fertilizer:  Every two weeks throughout the year.

Soil Contents:  African violet mix.

Propagation:  Seeds, stems, cuttings and division.

Pests and Diseases:  Botrytis Grey Mold.

Care Rating:  Moderate

Bromeliad

Common Names:  Bromeliad.

Description:  An Exotically beautiful group of plants whose thousands of species include the pineapple.

Temperature:  70 to 75 degrees.

Light:  Partial sun or bright light.

Water:  Allow the top of the soil to dry out between waterings.  Keep the cups of the epiphytics filled with water and change the water once a month.

Humidity:  High level.

Pinching and Pruning:  Remove yellow and brown leaves.

Fertilizer:  Once a month during srping and summer.

Soil Contents:  Epiphytic soil mix or one part clean, washed sand, one part fir bank, and one part sphagnum moss.

Propagation:  Plant the pups or offsets in a light soil.

Pests and Diseases:  Mealybugs, Scale, and Root Rot.

Care Rating:  Moderate

Houseplants – Flowering


 

Common Names:  Flowering maple, Parlor maple, Chinese bellflower.

Description:  Abutilon was once among the most fashionable houseplants of the Victorian era.  This member of the Hollyhock family has regained its popular status in recent years.  The bushy plant features maple-shaped leaves and plenty of striking flowers resembling small hollyhocks.

Temperature:  70 degrees days; 60 degrees nights

Light:  Partial sun.

Water:  During spring and summer months, keep soil evenly moist.  In the fall through winter months, allow the top of the soil to dry out between waterings.

Humidity:  Normal

Pinching and Pruning:  Groom often, Prune tips of branches heavily during fall and winter.

Fertilizer:  Once a month.

Soil Contents:  Common indoor all-purpose mix.

Propagation:  Seeds and cuttings root bestin spring.

Pests and Diseases:  Mealybugs, Scale, Spider Mites and White Flies.

Care:  Moderate

How Did Sunflowers Get Their Name?


 

The head of the sunflower is round and flat with bright yellow petals like the sun’s rays.

During the day, the sunflower turns its face to follow the sun, making sure it gets the maximum amount of light.  So, the name “sunflower” was born.

The plant is used in various ways.  Its leaves are used as fodder for animals, the seeds can be eaten raw or roasted and are also harvested to make sunflower oil.  The yellow flowers are used to make dye.

Easy to plant and easy to grow, the sunflower is waiting to be in your garden!

Cocktaoos


 

There is debate among ornithologists on whether the Cockatiel should ge classified among the cockatoos or not.

Popular genera:

  • Palm Cockatoo – Length: 32 inches
  • Black Cockatoos – Length: 20-26 inches
  • White Cockatoos – Length: 20 inches
  • Sulphur-crested Cockatoo – Length: 14 inches
  • Salmon-crested Cockatoo – Length:  20 inches
  • Rose Breasted Cockatoo – Length:  15 inches
  • Little Corelia – Length: 16 inches
  • Umbrella Cockatoo – Length:  16-18 inches
  • Leadbeater’s Cockatoo – Length:  15 inches
  • Gang-Gang Cockatoo – Length:  14 inches
  • Cockatiel – Length: 12 inches

Geographical Origin:  Cockatoos are native to Australia, New Guinea and its neighboring islands, eastern Indonesia, the Moluccas, and the Philippines.  Depending on their genus and species, cockatoos live on timbered mountain slopes, in rain forests, or in open forests.  In some areas, cockatoos have become a plague to farmers because they are seed-eaters and will often destroy entire fields.

Special Characteristics:  The name “cockatoo” derives from a Malayan word meaning “pliers” or “vise” and referring to the bird’s powerful beak.  cockatoos nest in large, deep holes high up in hollow trees.  In most parrot species only the female incubates the eggs, but male and female cockatoos share this chore.  The Palm Cockatoo is not only the largest of the cockatoos but also has the longest beak, 4 inches, of all the parrots.  The cockatoo’s most striking feature is its erectile crest, which it raises when excited or frightened.  The beak of the cockatoo differs from that of other parrots in that the lower mandible is wider than the upper.

Suitability As A Pet:  Cockatoos are very popular but also very demanding pets.  They are gregarious birds, and if they are kept single they will readily develop attachments to humans.  But, if they do not get the company they need, they will be unhappy and pine away.  They are usually not exclusive with their favors and wil enjoy contact with a number of people.  They want to be petted often and a lot, enjoy gestures of affection, and like to keep busy.  Theya re very affectionate and playful and can put on amusing acrobatic shows.  Because they are agile climbers, they need a tree to tumble about on; and being powerful fliers they need sufficient space to fly in.  Some very tame cockatoos have been kept in complete freedom in their owners’ yards.  Their excellent sense of direction, their attachment ot people they know, and constant vocal contact with familiar people keep them from flying away.

Cockatoos can also be kept in a large outdoor aviary equipped with a room where they can get warm and be out of the weather.  If a cockatoo kept in an aviary will not have much contact with people, it cannot be kept alone.  Cages, aviaries, and nesting boxes have to be made of extremely durable materials because the cockatoo’s powerful beak can chew through the hardest objects.  It is possible to breed cockatoos, but breeding pairs become so pugnacious, that even familiar people are not safe from attack.

Talent for Speech:  The literature on parrots is in general agreement that cockatoos are not as gifted for speech as Amazons or Grey Parrots.  Of the cockatoos, the Little Corella is reputed to be the most able talker.  Some varieties of cockatoos can shriek quite loudly.  also, they will imitate all kinds of sounds and can learn to whistle. 

Life Expectancy:  Over fifty years.

Preferred Foods:  Sunflower seeds, wheat, oats, millet, canary seed, lettuce, dandelion greens, chckweed, carrots, fruit (especially cherries) willow twigs, and other twigs to gnaw on.

About Parrots


 

Large and small parrots are available in pet stores everywhere.  Parrots are frequently kept as pets, and it is not unusual for individuals to have more than one parrot.  Keeping parrots, however, is a demanding business that requires a great deal of time and patience, and it is not everyone who has sufficient amounts of either.

As a young girl, I always had a parakeet and enjoyed teaching him to talk.  My parakeet seemed to become attached to me, and was a great source of laughter, entertainment and joy.  He danced to music, repeated funny phrases, even mixing up “pretty bird” with “dirty bird” saying “pretty, dirty, bird.”  As a nine-year old girl, that would send me into giggles.

He was noisy at times, but would settle down when the cage was covered and slept through the night, quietly entertaining himself until I uncovered him and the day began. 

The owner of a budgerigar or canary deals with a domestic bird that has been bred in captivity for generations.  The owner of some parrots, however, may have to cope with awild bird that was probably flitting about in the jungles of its native habitat only a fwe months ago. 

He has on his hands a bird that has not yet digested the drastic change from a native biotope in the African, Australian, or South American jungles to a cage in a living room; a bird taht will therefore tend to be very shy because its past experience with human beings has been bad. 

We’ll discuss in some details how much patience and effort the owner of a parrot will have to invest before you can win its confidence and make them hand tame.

Parrots are “intelligent” and cannot be treated like birds on a lower level of biological development, nor can they be trained like a dog and taught to obey.  If they make a nuisance of themselves in the home, chewing on valuable furniture, for example, or nipping holesin clothing or biting through electrical wires, this is usually because they are bored.  Only if you parrot is propery occupied will he refrain from doing things that can damage your home or be harmful to him.

Ornithologists, the branch of zoology that deals with the study of birds, agree that the parrot disorder known as “feather plucking” in which the bird plucks out all its own feathers is psychic in origin.  Any parrot owner who does not keep this in mind, who leaves his bird sitting in its cage all the time, and talks to it only rarely through the bars will ineviably wind up with a phlegmatic (having or suggesting a calm, sluggish temperament; unemotional) pet that will become both physically and mentally ill within a short time.  Also, the bird will give him very little enjoyment because it will learn only a few words or may not learn to talk at all.

Popular varieties of parrots, such as cockatoos, macaws, and Amazons, as well as the small varieties like the lories and lovebirds will be discussed on this site.

Because of their different origins, these birds differ in their natures and in their nutritional needs.  It is also crucial that the parrot owner undestand the behavior of his feathered pet, and their amusing, exotic, and appealing behavior and characteristics.

In their native countries, parrots have been kept as domestic birds since time immemorial.  In the jungle villages of the Amazon basin, for example, almost every Indian hut has its pet parrot.  Indian women take parrot chicks from their nests and raise them on chicha, an Indian beer made from boiled sweet potatoes.

The indiscriminate capturing of parrots by animal dealers and native peoples and the changes in, and destruction of, their habitat have brought some varieties of parrots to the verge of extinction.  Dealers will stoop to any method of capturing the birds as long as it is quick and effective.  They cut down trees to rob nests and burn a sulfur smudge untul the birds fall out of the trees unconscious and can be picked up off the ground like dropped apples.  Some years ago, more than a million parrots were caught every year for sale as pets.  Up to 50% of these birds died as a result of capture and shipment from people who did not know what they are doing and don’t care.

Among young birds the mortality rate was even higher.  Concern about this high mortality rate caused improvement in shipping and housing conditions over the last decade.

Every imported parrot has to be examined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.  With commercially imported birds, this routine examination is done following a 30-day quarantine period.  After quarantine every parrot is given a numbered band that certifies that the bird has been legally imported and his in fact been examined by a USDA veterinarian as required by law. 

Any imported parrot without a band should be regarded as a potentially contraband bird that may have been illegally imported.  The most important reason for examining birds after import is to see if they have Newcastle Virus, which is a threat to the U.S. poultry industry.

Spare your parrot the discomfort of wearing his band.  Remove it as soon as you ahve your bird at home.  He can injure himself with it as he will try to chew it off.  It is quite sufficient if you keep the band available among your other documents.

Steller’s Jay


 

Steller’s Jay, Cyanocitta stelleri, was discovered and named after explorer Georg Wilhelm Steller on the Alaska coast in 1741, and is the only crested jay in the West. 

Steller’s Jay has a black head and crest with the amount of black varying among populations.  The blue and white striping on the head of throat also varies. 

Family groups will frequent feeders in the winter.

Distinguishing Features:

Note: Look for the black crest and head, the smoky blue belly and underparts, and the cobalt or purple upperparts.

Size:  11.5 inches

Color:  Both sexes have a black crest and head and a sooty black neck, breast, and back.  The underparts and belly are smoky blue.   The upperparts are cobalt or purple.  There is a narrow black-barred “ripple” on the wings and tail.

Voice:  The calls are various and inclue shaack, chaack, shaack; shooka, shooka notes; and a mellow klook, klook,. klook.  They are known to mimic other birds such as loons and hawks.

Range:  They are residents of the West from the south coast of Alaska to the southern New Mexico/Arizona border, and from mid-Colorado west to California.

Habitat:  Prefers woodlands, pine-oak and coniferous.  Both sexes buikld the nest with variouis pine needles, twigs, dry leaves, roots, and grass, securing the nest with mud.  They build 8-100 feet above ground on limbs near the trunk, in the crotch of a conifer, and occasionally in a deciduous tree.

Eggs:  They lay 2-6 eggs, but usually 4, that are pale greenish blue or bluish green with brown markings; 1 brood per year.  The female incubates; incubation lasts 16-18 days.  Fledglings leave the nest 17-21 days after hatching.  Both parents feed the young.

Food:  Omnivorous, they eat frogs; snakes, eggs and young of other birds; insects; and carrion.  In winter, however they eat pine nuts, acorns, and fruit.  They are known to store seeds and acorns for winter.

Habits:  Frequently travel in flocks of more than a dozen, including family groups after breeding season.  They are monogamous.  Courtship feeding is performed by the male.

Red-headed Woodpecker


 

Red-headed Woodpeckers, Melanerpes erythrocephalus, are medium size woodpeckers and have suffered population decline where aggressive European Starlings have caused them to abandon their nesting cavities.

Their reduced po;ulations and patchy distribution makes them relatively uncommon, but their habit of feeding along roads makes them the woodpecker most frequently killed by vehicles.

You can attract them by providing dead snags or nesting boxes and offering sunflower seeds, raisins, or suet.

Distinguishing Features:

Note:  The contrast between their red heads, white underparts, and black backs makes it hard to miss these adults.

Size:  8.5-9.25 inches

Color:  Both sexes have bright scarlet-red head, neck, and throat areas; juveniles have ashy-brown heads.  They have snowy white underparts, rumps wing patches, and secondary wing feathers; jet-black backs, tails, and wings.

Voice:  Makes loud queer, queer, queer, or queark sounds.

Range:  Permanent residentsof the Southeast from the Atlantic coast west to central Indiana and northeastern Texas (excluding the Blue Ridge Mountains) and south to the Gulf Coast, excluding tropical Florida.  Summers north and west of this range. Winters in southern Louisiana west to central Texas.

Habitat:  Prefers open stands of trees with little undergrowth.  Both parents excavate the nesting cavity, in a dead tree, dead stub of a live tree, utility pole, or fence post.  Occasionally nest in manmade boxes (5×7x16 inches with a 2 inch hole cut 3 inches below the top) mounted 10 feet above the ground in a wooded area filled with sawdust, allowing the birds to “excavate” their cavity.

Eggs:  Lays 4-7 oval white eggs; 1-2 broods per breeding season.  Both parents incubate eggs 12-14 days.  Fledglings leave the nest 27-31 days after hatching.

Food:  Drills for wood-boring grubs and insects; forageson the ground for insects, and fallen seeds.  Like flycatchers, they also perch and wait for flying insects.   Feeds on fruit, berries, and large nuts in fall, and stores winter foods, especially acorns beechnuts and corn.  Will come to feeders for cracked corn, sunflower seeds, raisins, suet, and suet mixes.

Habits:  Frequents parklike stands of large trees in rural and urban areas, large scattered deciduous trees in open grasslands and agricultural areas, and dead trees in swampy or burned-over areas.  They catch insects in midair, flycatcher style.

Ruby-throated Hummingbird


 

I love the Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris)!  What a beauty!  Their iridescent green and red feathers are gorgeous!  The Ruby-throated Hummingbirds are the smallest breeding birds in the East.  They are so small and active that you may mistake them for large instects, such as bumblebees and hawk or hummingbird moths.

You can easily attract these fearless winged “mites” to your backyard by providing water, offering nectar feeders and including plants that bear red, orange, or yellow tube-shaped flowers in your naturescape.

Distinguishing Features:

Note:  Look for the flash of iridescent green and red feathers as they dart around flowers and feeders.  Listen for the humming sound of their wings, which beat up to 75 strokes PER SECOND. 

Size:  3-3.75 inches

Color:  Males are metallic green above and white below, with dusky green sides, dark forked tails, black chins, and brillantly colored throats that flash ruby red when the sunlight catches them at the right angle and otherwise appear black.  Females are metallic green above and white below, with a buffy wash on their sides.  They have green tails tipped with blackish feathers; the three outermost tail feathers have white tips.

Voice:  Makes excited, high-pitched squeaks and twitters.

Range:  Summers throughout the East from Canada to the Gulf Coast, the Atlantic Coast to central Kansas, excluding the southern tip of Florida where a few may winter.

Habitat:  Females construct nests using plant down, flower petals, fibers, and bud scales, they decorate the outside with lichens held on by spider’s silk or webs from tent caterpillars’ nests.   Nests are attached with spider’s silk to tops of gently slanted branches; completed nests resemble lichen-covered knots approximately 1.5 inches in diameter.

Eggs:  Lays 2 pea-size white eggs; 1-3 broods each breading season.  The female incubates the eggs; incubation takes 11-16 days.  Fledglings leave the nest 20-22 days after hatching.

Food:  Flower nectar and tree sap, sugar-water nectar in feeders, and small insects.

Habits:  Especially attracted to red flowers and feeders.  In helicopter fashion, they hover while feeding and are the only family of birds that can fly backward.  They actively defend their feeding territories from other hummingbirds as well as much larger birds.

Western Screech-Owl


 

The Western Screech-Owl, Otus kennicottii, is a nocturnal bird.  This small tufted owl is more often heard than seen. 

Being sedentary, they frequently stayin the same home area throughout the year.  They will nest in manmade nest boxes.  When they catch more food than they can eat, they store it in roosting cavities.

 

Distinguishing Features: 

Note:  Look for an overall gray appearance and the small tufted ears; Pacific Coast birds are browner.

Size:  8-10 inches

Color:  They have gray to brown upperparts marked with wavy lines and streaks.  There are large white spots on the scapulars.  They have yellow eyes.

Voice:  Sings repeated brief whistles that speed up in frequency like a bouncing ball coing to a stop; there is a short trill followed by a drawn out trill.

Range:  Residents of the West from Northwestern British Columbia to Mexcico, and from western Colorado to California.

Habitat:  Uses many different habitats from desert to wooded canyons to suburban areas.  Their nests are found 5-35 feet above ground in natural holes in trees and woodpecker holes; they do not line their nests.  They will use manmade nest boxes.

Eggs:  They lay 2-6 whtie eggs; 1 brood a year.  The female incubates the eggs 21-30 days.  Both parents feed the young.   The fledglings leave the nest after about 28 days.

Food:  Eats small mammals (chickens!!), birds, reptiles, large insects, and arachnids, but primarily feeds on insects.  Small mammals are beheaded by the parents when fed to the young.

Habits:  Roosts in cavities or thick vegetation during the day, becoing active at dusk.  To attract a mate, the male will begin calling at night just after sunset.  The calling stops when the pair bond is formed.



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